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Effect of a Dietary Iron Program on Iron Status and IQ in Children in Phatthalung Province, Thailand123

Iron deficiency (ID) continues to be one of the most prevalent disorders, which can adversely affect cognitive ability in childhood. Our aim was to determine the effect of a dietary iron education program (DIP) on children's iron status and intelligence quotient (IQ) score. This pre-test (week 1) post-test (week 16) quasi-experimental study with follow-up (week 18) utilized constructs from the Health Belief Model. Children and caregivers participated in the DIP which incorporated group talks, presentations, brainstorming, game-based learning and cooking sessions from weeks 2-15. Knowledge of ID and dietary iron, perceived susceptibility and severity, benefits and barriers for changing behavior, dietary intake, iron status and IQ score were determined at all timepoints (weeks 1, 16, and 18).

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Detailed Description

  1. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether an education-based dietary iron program that involved school teachers, parents and children could increase iron status and intelligence quotient (IQ) score in a group of schoolchildren.
  2. Procedure for the intervention: The Health Belief Model underpinned the development of the dietary iron program, which focused on the importance of adequate dietary iron consumption and emphasized prevention of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). It was implemented from weeks 2 to 15 of the study. Child-parent/caregiver dyads and teachers received an ID/IDA booklet that included information about anemia, causes of ID, iron-rich food, iron concentration in traditional foods, dietary enhancers and inhibitors of iron absorption, and recipes for iron-rich local and culturally appropriate meals for teachers, parents/caregivers and children, as part of the dietary iron program.
  3. Teachers who were involved in school lunch design participated for discussing and planning iron-rich school lunch menus, and observed teaching and learning process with the use of media and games during the iron lessons for children. Four lessons were conducted for parents/caregivers. The first lesson was discussion that addressed parental perceptions about children's susceptibility to ID and IDA and the severity of ID and IDA concerning cognitive function. In the second lesson, parents/caregivers were asked to list the benefits and barriers for changing behavior with regards to preparing more iron-rich foods in the home. Then, the principal researcher invited parents/caregivers to brainstorm and share ways to overcome these barriers. Cooking classes for preparing iron-rich meals at home were conducted. Parents/caregivers voted for two iron-rich meals that they wanted to cook and then they prepared and cooked them in the classes. For the final lesson, the principal researcher visited each parent/caregiver to discuss the barriers they faced when trying to incorporate more iron-rich meals into their child's diet at home. Three lessons were conducted for the children, one per month. In the first lesson, group talks and games were used to engage the children about the causes and effects of ID and IDA. The second lesson focused on iron-rich food. After that, the children partook in games that entailed writing names of food ingredients that contained iron and circling pictures of iron-rich foods, and describing the sensations associated with consuming these foods. Both positive and negative answers from children were selected for discussion, and approaches for consuming more iron-rich food were brainstormed. A market assignment was set to help the children remember the names of iron-rich food and recognize the foods when they visited a market with their parents. The last lesson was a cooking class. After each cooking class finished, the researcher and a teacher encouraged them to eat this meal together.
  4. Ethical approval The study was granted ethical approval by the Committee of the Ethical Review for Human Research, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University Thailand 9 March 2018 (COA. No. MUPH 2018-048).

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Age icon
Age
9 - 11
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Gender
All
NCT ID icon
NCT ID
NCT05878379
Phase icon
Phase
-1
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Status
Recruiting Now
Medical Condition icon
Medical Condition
Iron Deficiency

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Your Journey

01
Receiving the medication
You would receive etanercept (Enbrel) twice a week for 12 weeks and then once a week for 12 weeks. Etanercept, as well as study related medical care, is provided at no cost.
02
Visiting the study site
Study participation involves approximately 8 visits to your local study center over 6 to 7 months.
03
Follow-up
There would also be a follow-up telephone call 30days after completing the study. No visits are required after participation is complete.

Call 1800-9860-568 now to find out if you are eligible.