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Surgery Plus Chemo Versus Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Plus Chemo for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer

JCOG1801 is a randomized phase III trial which was initiated in Japan in August 2019 to confirm the superiority of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy for local relapse-free survival over standard treatment, i.e. surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy, for previously non-irradiated locally recurrent rectal cancer.

A Trial of Neoadjuvant mXELOXIRI Versus CRT in the EMVI Positive LARC

Extramural Vascular Invasion Positive(EMVI+) is a high risk of distant metastasis for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC) after resection. The study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XELOXIRI as neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for EMVI+ LARC in contrast to the efficacy of standard Chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

S0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial (PACES)

The investigators hypothesize that the combination of eflornithine and sulindac will be effective in reducing the event rate of adenomas and second primary colorectal cancers at three years in patients previously treated for stage 0 to III colon or rectal cancer.

Neoadjuvant mFOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab With Selective Radiotherapy in Patients With High-Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

A small single-center phase II pilot trial treated patients with stage II or III rectal cancer with induction FOLFOX/bevacizumab chemotherapy followed by CRT only in those with stable or progressive disease and resection in all patients.

Durvalumab (MEDI4736) Plus Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

The addition of durvalumab to total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in locally advanced rectal cancer may improve the pathological complete response rate. The induction platinum-based chemotherapy may increase the neoantigen formation together with the chemoradiotherapy period.

Patient-Derived Organoids for Rectal Cancer

The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of establishing patient-derived organoids from pre-treatment rectal adenocarcinoma biopsies.