When MH cases or suspected cases occur in China, anesthesiologists can seek help through malignant hyperthermia emergency rescue WeChat group in which experts from all over the country will give therapy instructions. Afterwards, the responsible anesthesiologist will complete the case report form (CRF) and collect family history of MH. The quality of CRF is reviewed by the investigator and all the queries are solved within 1~2 weeks.

Upon obtaining the informed consent, all biological specimens of MH confirmed or suspected patients and their blood relations will be collected in the local hospitals and transported to West China Hospital, Sichuan University in dry ice packaging. All specimens will be checked by the trained investigator, registered and labeled in a standardized manner, and then stored in the biological sample bank of West China Hospital, Sichuan University.

Firstly, investigators will use the method of gene fragment analysis to detect the samples at the diagnostic mutation sites included in the current European malignant hyperthermia group. Secondly, investigators will use sanger sequencing method to verify the mutation variants. If the screening results are negative, then high-throughput whole-genome sequencing will be performed.

The MH bioinformatics database will be established to find the pathogenic gene and mutation site of MH in Chinese. Based on the bioinformatics database, the genetic law of MH family will be studied. According to the results of the study, the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of MH that is in line with Chinese population biology characteristics will be formulated.