Activation of anti-tumor immune response using programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)blockade showed benefit only in a fraction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Specific blockade of vascular endothelial receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) using a murine antibody significantly delayed primary tumor growth but failed to prolong survival. Combining PD-1 blockade with antiangiogenesis has shown promise in substantially increasing the fraction of HCC patients who respond to treatment in vitro. Based on these clinical data, we are aimed to investigation the safety and efficacy of combination therapy for HCC patients.
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